Chicago, from the "History of Photography" series

Maker Josephson, Ken (American, b. 1932)

Date1973

MediumGelatin silver print

Dimensionsimage: 10 3/4 in x 13 3/4 in; mat: 16 in x 20 in; paper: 11 in x 13 3/4 in

Credit LineMuseum purchase

Object number1980:20

Collections

On Chicago

About the ArtistNew York State, 1970, from the series Images within Images, is one of Kenneth Josephson’s most famous photographs and aptly displays the sort of visual statement that inspires critics to classify his work as conceptual. In the photograph, Josephson’s arm stretches over a body of water, and in his hand, he holds a picture of a ship over the horizon. The boat in the picture is positioned in perspective to occupy the same space a full-sized ship in the distance would appear to take up if seen in that same spot. It is a clever illusion, yet constructed precisely to draw attention to its artifice. As with the René Magritte painting captioned “Ceci n’est pas une pipe,” we are reminded that a picture of a boat, no matter how real it looks, is still not itself a boat. It would seem an easy lesson, the picture looking so two-dimensional and foreign when held up against the world, until one remembers that the entire image is a single photograph, just as flat and counterfeit as the image pictured within it. In a sublime twist, it is a photograph that assures us that we should question the veracity of photography.

Polopan, 1973 likewise plays with assumptions of the medium, but its dry humor is edgier. The jolt and jar of Polopan, 1973 begins with its emotionally-charged subject matter: a short skirt and beneath them bare legs reclining against a sheet, yet shot so frontally the woman seems almost to be standing, and resting on her skirt, a Polaroid of a woman’s naked thighs and abdomen. The Polaroid is clearly lying on top of a woman’s skirt, yet the effect of this addition is reductive, acting like a window or a cut-away. The woman is clothed, but nonetheless revealed. The message is mixed, but not altogether ambiguous. Ultimately, it seems it is the photographer (whose powers seem to include x-ray vision) who is master, able to capture and make permanent at will; the subject unable to hide from the camera’s gaze. To add one more level of complexity in reading what is real and what is representation, a version of this photograph was later fixed onto a cloth skirt in Josephson’s multimedia assemblage Sally’s Skirt, 1973.

Kenneth Josephson was born on July 1, 1932 in Detroit, Michigan. He began making pictures with the family’s snapshot camera in 1944, and bought his own 4x5 view camera two years later. He earned a BFA from the Rochester Institute of Technology (1957) where he studied under Minor White. In 1953, the army sent him to Germany, where he was trained in photolithography and made prints of aerial reconnaissance. With the thesis “An Exploration of the Multiple Image,” he earned an MS from the Institute of Design of the Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago (1960) where he was strongly influenced by Harry Callahan. Josephson was a professor at The School of the Art Institute of Chicago from 1960 to 1997, and a founding member of the Society for Photographic Education. He is the recipient of a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation fellowship (1972) and two National Endowment for the Arts fellowships (1975 and 1979). His work is in the collections of institutions including the Museum of Modern Art and Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; The Art Instiute and Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago; National Museum of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC; Bibliotéque National, Paris; and Foograficka Maseet, Stockholm.